Despite Nepal’s unique and historical ties with India, the former has been encroached upon by the latter since 1950s. The dispute in Kalapani region was aggravated by India’s unilateral issue of a new political map in November 2019 as well as by the inauguration of a link road between Dharchula and Lipulekh Pass on May 8. It was followed by an unusually strong statement by Indian Army Chief General MM Naravane claiming Nepal’s objection to Lipulekh road was at the behest of some third party. Then the Government of Nepal issued an updated political map by incorporating Limpiyadhura-Kalapani-Lipulekh areas per the Sugauli Treaty provisions.